Facing the high share of variable renewable energy in the power system: Flexibility and stability requirements

• The variable renewable energy (VRE) increase is simulated by modelling. model predicts the feasibility of different decarbonisation scenarios. Flexibility and inertia are limiting factors for forecastable in VRE. modelled scenarios do not meet targets 2030 2040. Power systems with a high share represent challenge to system operators because increased flexibility requirements stability. This study analyses performance real power grid penetration VRE (mainly wind solar photovoltaic). A rule-based developed simulate behaviour. One European country was selected (Spain), limited international interconnections well-established national organisations. future were found through plants' stability constraints (i.e., inertia) expected changes interconnection. results indicate that ambitious realistic these requirements. Considering sustainable transition (ST) scenario (33% generation) 2040 (35%), CO 2 -equivalent emissions will be reduced up 157 159 kg /MWh, respectively, which well above Paris targets. Furthermore, no allows meeting environmental Therefore, more than 39% VRE, suggest new technologies should considered below ?113 kgCO maximum cost ?134 €/MWh, an constant 5 s.